Dynaflow Resolve System
ION CHANNEL SCREENING PLATFORM FOR SINGLE-CELL PATCH-CLAMP RECORDING
The Dynaflow® Resolve is an ion channel screening platform for your existing patch-clamp setup that offers solution exchange at unsurpassed speed, control, and flexibility.
The system allows for recording of any ion channel current in any patch-clamp recording configuration. You can use all type of cells and all kinds of compounds that are required for your successful experiments.
Contact Us to get more information about Dynaflow Resolve.
- True versatility
Works with any cell type, any patch-clamp configuration, and any type of ion channel from single-cell channel recordings to secondary ion channel screening.
- Complex perfusion protocols
Rapid solution exchange (low millisecond range) enables analysis of fast kinetics.
- Low compound consumption and reusable chip
Allows long experiments with less than 150 μl, minimizing compound and buffer consumption.
- Optimized for safety pharmacology
Enables long experiments and long exposure times. Optimized for sticky compounds and designed for cumulative dose-response.
- Maximized data quality
Numerous cells per chip. Multiple compounds analyses per chip. Full dose-response for every compound. Gigaseal recordings with superior experimental control.
The system includes a motorized scan stage with stage controller and a joystick, a syringe pump to drive the flow in the microfluidic chip, as well as the Dynaflow® Commander software. It fully integrates with most inverted microscopes.
A system contains:
1 – Dynaflow® Resolve Chip
The Dynaflow® Resolve chip has 16 microchannels and is composed of a glass microfluidic chip and a plastic interface forming the wells and the recording chamber. The chip is reusable and developed to reduce the risk for non-specific binding of “sticky compounds” and offering improved cost-efficiency through low compound consumption.
View Dynaflow Resolve Chip Specifications >>
2 – Motorized Scan Stage with Stage Controller and Joystick
A motorized scan stage is used to automatically translate chip movements. It includes a stage controller and a joystick and it is controlled by the Dynaflow® Commander software.
3 – Syringe Pump
A easy setup syringe pump especially designed to drive the flow in the Dynaflow® Resolve chip.
4 – Dynaflow® Commander Software
The Commander software assures control and pre-programming of the movements of the scan stage. It synchronizes precision solution exchange with real time tagging of the acquired data. The Windows-based Dynaflow® Commander software allows a full control of experiments, including scan protocols, exposure times and instant protocol changes.
Dynaflow Resolve publications
Authors | Title | Journal | Year | doi |
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Torbjörn Bäckström, Sara K. S. Bengtsson, Jessica Sjöstedt, Evgenya Malinina, Maja Johansson, Gianna Ragagnin, Karin Ekberg and Per Lundgren | Isoallopregnanolone Inhibits Estrus Cycle-Dependent Aggressive Behavior | Biomolecules | 2023 | 10.3390/biom13061017 |
Niina Jalava, Janne Kaskinoro, Hugh Chapman, Miguel Morales, Hanna Metsänkylä, Satu-Maarit Heinonen and Ari-Pekka Koivisto | Inhibition of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels 4/5 with Highly Selective and Potent Small-Molecule HC-070 Alleviates Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rat Models of Visceral and Neuropathic Pain | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | 2023 | 10.3390/ijms24043350 |
Roshni Das, Gianna Ragagnin, Jessica Sjöstedt, Maja Johansson, David Haage, Michael Druzin, Staffan Johansson, Torbjörn Bäckström | Medroxyprogesterone acetate positively modulates specific GABAA-receptor subtypes - affecting memory and cognition | Psychoneuroendocrinology | 2022 | 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105754 |
Trkulja, Carolina L., Jungholm, Oscar, Davidson, Max, Jardemark, Kent, Marcus, Monica M., Hägglund, Jessica,Karlsson, Anders, Karlsson, Roger, Bruton, Joseph, Ivarsson, Niklas,Srinivasa, Sreesha P., Cavallin, Alexandra, Svensson, Peder, Jeffries, Gavin D. M., Christakopoulou, Maria-Nefeli, Reymer, Anna, Ashok, Anaswara, Willman, Gabriella, Papadia, Daniela, Johnsson, Emma, Orwar, Owe | Rational antibody design for undruggable targets using kinetically controlled biomolecular probes | Science Advances | 2021 | 10.1126/sciadv.abe6397 |
Wang, X. Daley, C. Gakhar, V. Henry Lange, H. ... JM, Uslaner. | Pharmacological characterization of the novel and selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator BNC375 | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 2020 | 10.1124/jpet.119.263483 |
Steven J. McKerrall, Teresa Nguyen, Kwong Wah Lai, Philippe Bergeron, Lunbin Deng, Antonio DiPasquale, Jae H. Chang, Jun Chen, Tania Chernov-Rogan, David H. Hackos, Jonathan Maher, Daniel F. Ortwine, Jodie Pang, Jian Payandeh, William R. Proctor, Shannon D. Shields, Jennifer Vogt, Pengfei Ji, Wenfeng Liu, Elisa Ballini, Lilia Schumann, Glauco Tarozzo, Girish Bankar, Sultan Chowdhury, Abid Hasan, J. P. Johnson Jr., Kuldip Khakh, Sophia Lin, Charles J. Cohen, Christoph M. Dehnhardt, Brian S. Safina, and Daniel P. Sutherlin | Structure- and Ligand-Based Discovery of Chromane Arylsulfonamide Nav1.7 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Pain | J. Med. Chem. | 2019 | 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00141 |
Hanson, J. E. Ma, K. Elstrott, J. Weber, M. Saillet, S. Khan, A. S. ... Palop, J. J. | GluN2A NMDA Receptor Enhancement Improves Brain Oscillations, Synchrony, and Cognitive Functions in Dravet Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease Models. | Cell Reports | 2020 | 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.030 |
Marie F. Smeland, Conor McClenaghan, Helen I. Roessler, Sanne Savelberg, Geir Åsmund Myge Hansen, Helene Hjellnes, Kjell Arne Arntzen, Kai Ivar Müller, Andreas Rosenberger Dybesland, Theresa Harter, Monica Sala-Rabanal, Chris H. Emfinger, Yan Huang, Soma S. Singareddy, Jamie Gunn, David F. Wozniak, Attila Kovacs, Maarten Massink, Federico Tessadori, Sarah M. Kamel, Jeroen Bakkers, Maria S. Remedi, Marijke Van Ghelue, Colin G. Nichols & Gijs van Haaften | ABCC9-related Intellectual disability Myopathy Syndrome is a KATP channelopathy with loss-of-function mutations in ABCC9 | Nature Communications | 2019 | 10.1038/s41467-019-12428-7 |
Clairfeuille, T. Cloake, A. Infield, D. T. ... Hackos, D. H. Rohou, A. Payandeh, J. | Structural basis of a-scorpion toxin action on Na v channels | Science | 2019 | 10.1126/science.aav8573 |
Shields, S., Deng, L., Reese, R., Dourado, M., Tao, J., Foreman, O., . . . Hackos, D. | Insensitivity to pain upon adult-onset deletion of nav1.7 or its blockade with selective inhibitors | Journal of Neuroscience | 2018 | 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1049-18.2018 |
Ng, T., Vandenberg, J., & Perry, M. | Pharmacological Activation of hERG Potassium Channels in Congenital Long QT Syndrome 2: Activator Compound ICA-105574 and its Effects on Mutant hERG Potassium Channels in Long QT Syndrome 2 | Heart, Lung and Circulation | 2018 | 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.039 |
Wang, T., Brown, B., Deng, L., Sellers, B., Lupardus, P., Wallweber, H., . . . Hanson, J. | A novel NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator that acts via the transmembrane domain. | Neuropharmacology | 2017 | 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.041 |
Volgraf, M., Sellers, B., Jiang, Y., Wu, G., Ly, C., Villemure, E., . . . Schwarz, J. | Discovery of GluN2A-Selective NMDA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators (PAMs): Tuning Deactivation Kinetics via Structure-Based Design | Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | 2016 | 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b02010 |
Yamaguchi, Y., Nishide, K., Kato, M., Hata, Y., Mizumaki, K., Kinoshita, K., . . . Nishida, N. | Glycine/serine polymorphism at position 38 influences KCNE1 subunit's modulatory actions on rapid and slow delayed rectifier K+ currents. | Circulation Journal | 2014 | 10.1253/circj.CJ-13-1126 |
Trkulja, C. L. Jansson, E. T. Jardemark, K. Orwar, O. | Probing Structure and Function of Ion Channels Using Limited Proteolysis and Microfluidics | Journal of the American Chemical Society | 2014 | 10.1021/ja507285w |
Jansson, E., Trkulja, C., Ahemaiti, A., Millingen, M., Dm Jeffries, G., Jardemark, K., & Orwar, O. | Open Access Effect of cholesterol depletion on the pore dilation of TRPV1. | Molecular Pain | 2013 | 10.1186/1744-8069-9-1 |
Al-Sabi, A., Kaza, S., Oliver Dolly, J., & Wang, J. | Pharmacological characteristics of Kv1.1- And Kv1.2-containing channels are influenced by the stoichiometry and positioning of their α subunits. | Biochemical Journal | 2013 | 10.1042/BJ20130297 |
Graef, J., Benson, L., Sidach, S., Wei, H., Lippiello, P., Bencherif, M., & Fedorov, N. | Validation of a high-throughput, automated electrophysiology platform for the screening of nicotinic agonists and antagonists. | Journal of Biomolecular Screening | 2013 | 10.1177/1087057112457414 |
Moaddel, R. Abdrakhmanova, G. Kozak, J. Jozwiak, K. Toll, L. Jimenez, L. ... Wainer, I. | A method for bidirectional solution exchange—“Liquid bullet” applications of acetylcholine to α7 nicotinic receptors | European Journal of Pharmacology | 2013 | 10.1016/J.EJPHAR.2012.11.023 |
Dinklo, T., Shaban, H., Thuring, J., Lavreysen, H., Stevens, K., Zheng, L., . . . Lesage, A. | Characterization of 2-[[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]-4-(4- pyridinyl)-5-thiazolemethanol (JNJ-1930942), a novel positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 2011 | 10.1124/jpet.110.173245 |
Zhang, H., Akrouh, A., Kurata, H., Remedi, M., Lawton, J., & Nichols, C. | HMR 1098 is not an SUR isotype specific inhibitor of heterologous or sarcolemmal KATP channels. | Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology | 2011 | 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.12.011 |
Gever, J., Soto, R., Henningsen, R., Martin, R., Hackos, D., Panicker, S., . . . Ford, A. | AF-353, a novel, potent and orally bioavailable P2X3/P2X2/3 receptor antagonist. | British Journal of Pharmacology | 2010 | 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00796.x |
Al-Sabi, A., Shamotienko, O., Ni Dhochartaigh, S., Muniyappa, N., Le Berre, M., Shaban, H., . . . Oliver Dolly, J. | Arrangement of Kv1 α subunits dictates sensitivity to tetraethylammonium. | Journal of General Physiology | 2010 | 10.1085/jgp.200910398 |
Leech, Colin A. Dzhura, Igor Chepurny, Oleg G. Schwede, Frank Genieser, Hans G. Holz, George G. | Facilitation of β-cell KATP channel sulfonylurea sensitivity by a cAMP analog selective for the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac | Islets | 2010 | 10.4161/isl.2.2.10582 |
Kurata, H., Rapedius, M., Kleinman, M., Baukrowitz, T., & Nichols, C. | Voltage-dependent gating in a "voltage sensor-less" ion channel. | PLoS Biology | 2010 | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000315 |
Ghiron, C. Haydar, S. N. Aschmies, S. Bothmann, H. Castaldo, C. Cocconcelli, G. ... Zanelli, U. | Novel Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists Containing a Urea Moiety: Identification and Characterization of the Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious Agonist 1-[6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-3-(4-piperidin-1-ylbutyl) Urea (SEN34625/WYE-103914) | Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | 2010 | 10.1021/jm901692q |
Liu, C. Somps, C. | Telithromycin blocks neuromuscular transmission and inhibits nAChR currents in vitro | Toxicology Letters | 2010 | 10.1016/J.TOXLET.2010.02.005 |
Fedorov, N., Benson, L., Graef, J., Lippiello, P., & Bencherif, M. | Differential pharmacologies of mecamylamine enantiomers: Positive allosteric modulation and noncompetitive. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. | 2009 | 10.1124/jpet.108.146910 |
Olofsson, J., Bridle, H., Jesorka, A., Isaksson, I., Weber, S., & Orwar, O. | Direct access and control of the intracellular solution environment in single cells | Analytical Chemistry | 2009 | 10.1021/ac802081m |
Stanojevic, V., Habener, J., Holz G., Leech, C. | Cytosolic adenylate kinases regulate K-ATP channel activity in human β-cells | Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | 2008 | 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.109 |
Flagg, T., Kurata, H., Masia, R., Caputa, G., Magnuson, M., Lefer, D., . . . Nichols, C. | Differential structure of atrial and ventricular KATP: Atrial KATP channels require SUR1. | Circulation Research | 2008 | 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.178186 |
Matulef, K., Howery, A., Tan, L., Kobertz, W., Bois, J., & Maduke, M. | Discovery of potent CLC chloride channel inhibitors. | ACS Chemical Biology | 2008 | 10.1021/cb800083a |
Brown, A., Liao, Z., & Goodman, M. | MEC-2 and MEC-6 in the Caenorhabditis elegans sensory mechanotransduction complex: Auxiliary subunits that enable channel activity. | Journal of General Physiology | 2008 | 10.1085/jgp.200709910 |
Kang, G., Leech, C., Chepurny, O., Coetzee, W., & Holz, G. | Role of the cAMP sensor Epac as a determinant of KATP channel ATP sensitivity in human pancreatic β-cells and rat INS-1 cells. | Journal of Physiology | 2008 | 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143818 |
Brown, A. L. Liao, Z. Goodman, M. B. | MEC-2 and MEC-6 in the Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Mechanotransduction Complex: Auxiliary Subunits that Enable Channel Activity | Journal of General Physiology | 2008 | 10.1085/jgp.200709910 |
Brown, A., Fernandez-Illescas, S., Liao, Z., & Goodman, M. | Gain-of-function mutations in the MEC-4 DEG/ENaC sensory mechanotransduction channel alter gating and drug blockade. | Journal of General Physiology | 2007 | 10.1085/jgp.200609672 |
Sinclair, J., Granfeldt, D., Pihl, J., Millingen, M., Lincoln, P., Farre, C., . . . Orwar, O. | A biohybrid dynamic random access memory. | Journal of the American Chemical Society | 2006 | 10.1021/ja0580993 |
Borghese, C., Werner, D., Topf, N., Baron, N., Henderson, L., Boehm, S., . . . Harrison, N. (2006). | An isoflurane- and alcohol-insensitive mutant GABAA receptor α1 subunit with near-normal apparent affinity for GABA: Characterization in heterologous systems and production of knockin mice. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 2006 | 10.1124/jpet.106.104406 |
Granfeldt, D., Sinclair, J., Millingen, M., Farre, C., Lincoln, P., & Orwar, O. | Controlling desensitized states in ligand-receptor interaction studies with cyclic scanning patch-clamp protocols. | Analytical Chemistry | 2006 | 10.1021/ac060812z |
Olofsson, J. Bridle, H. Sinclair, J. Granfeldt, D. Sahlin, E. Orwar, Owe | A chemical waveform synthesizer | PNAS | 2005 | 10.1073/pnas.0500230102 |
Persson, F., Carlsson, L., Duker, G., & Jacobson, I. | Blocking characteristics of hERG, hNav1.5, and hKvLQT1/hminK after administration of the novel anti-arrhythmic compound AZD7009. | Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology | 2005 | 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2005.40427.x |
Persson, F., Carlsson, L., Duker, G., & Jacobson, I. | Blocking Characteristics of hKv1.5 and hKv4.3/hKChIP2.2 After Administration of the Novel Antiarrhythmic Compound AZD7009 | Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology | 2005 | 10.1097/01.fjc.0000161405.37198.c1 |
Pihl, J. Sinclair, J. Sahlin, E. Karlsson, M. Petterson, F. Olofsson, J. Orwar,O. | Microfluidic Gradient-Generating Device for Pharmacological Profiling | Analytical Chemistry | 2005 | 10.1021/ac050218+ |
Hill, A. P. Perrin, M. J. Heide, J. Campbell, T. J. Mann, S. A. Vandenberg, J. I. | Kinetics of Drug Interaction with the Kv11.1 Potassium Channel | Molecular Pharmacology | 2005 | 10.1124/mol.114.091835 |
Pihl, J. Karlsson, M. Chiu, D. | Microfluidic technologies in drug discovery | Drug Discovery Today | 2005 | 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03571-3 |
Olofsson, J., Pihl, J., Sinclair, J., Sahlin, E., Karlsson, M., & Orwar, O. | A microfluidics approach to the problem of creating separate solution environments accessible from macroscopic volumes. | Analytical Chemistry | 2004 | doi.org/10.1021/ac035527j |
Sinclair, J., Pihl, J., Olofsson, J., Karlsson, M., Jardemark, K., Chiu, D., & Orwar, O. | A cell-based bar code reader for high-throughput screening of ion channel-ligand interactions. | Analytical Chemistry | 2002 | 10.1021/ac026133f |
“We use the Dynaflow Resolve in the context of drug-profiling at the NMI-TT Pharmaservices. It is a very reliable and efficient tool for automated compound application with excellent performance in fast solution exchange. The new reusable glass chip design offers improved performance with sticky compounds, so that we now started to use it in safety pharmacology studies, where the highest standards in accuracy of compound application have to be met.”
“We bought the Dynaflow Resolve system because we needed a manual patch clamp system with reliable and fast solution application.
Compared to our conventional patch clamp system, the Dynaflow offers:
- low solution quantity demand,
- fast solution exchange,
- reliable drug application.
In conclusion, after several years of use, we are satisfied with the Dynaflow Resolve system. It provides reliable and fast solution exchange. It is especially suitable for detailed characterization of drug effects on ion channel function.”
“We believe that the Dynaflow Resolve System is the most easy to use, and robust, perfusion system available for whole cell patch-clamp recordings of isolated cells. We almost never have problems with unstable flows, and the solution exchange times are very reliable. The system is also easy to clean which minimize the risks of contamination of drugs compared to other tubing systems which are made of plastic materials”.
Dynaflow setup
Yes, the Dynaflow® Resolve technology fully integrates with conventional patch clamp set-ups and with most inverted microscopes. Fluicell provides everything needed to run the Dynaflow® Resolve platform.
The Dynaflow® Resolve platform includes:
- The Dynaflow® Resolve chip and a mounting socket,
- A motorized scan stage with stage controller and a joystick,
- A syringe pump,
- A lid with connector and tubing to connect to the syringe pump,
- The Dynaflow®Commander software.
No, this type of chip will not work with an up-right microscope.
No, the base of Dynaflow® Resolve chip is made of 0.7 mm thick glass requiring the use of a long working distance air objective.
Dynaflow chip
No, but the chip is very easy to fill with a manually operated syringe.
About 10 minutes, depending on how fast you perform the patch clamp procedure.
The lid is used directly to connect pressure source to all the channels. The plastic lid can easily be opened and resealed to the chip using two nuts and a rubber ring sealing. When the lid is attached, it encloses a common volume of air over all substance wells. By pressurizing this air through the lid, the flow is driven from each well and out into the recording chamber. Additionally the lid functions as a protective barrier, shielding both the user and the solutions.
3 kPa positive pressure is needed when using standard settings.
More details can be found in the Thesis “On Microfluidics in Biotechnology: New Devices and Applications” (Johan Pihl), p. 18-19.
The substance reservoirs hold 150 µl. This is sufficient for 90 min flow time with a flow-rate of 26 µl/min.
The flow rate is set to be approximatively 4 mm/s at the channel outlets.
The chip is composed of a glass microfluidic component and a plastic interface (PEEK) forming the wells and the recording chamber. The plastic interface has been treated with titanium first, then with silicon oxide to allow for even wetting. The bottom of the chip is made of hard anodised aluminium. The lid is made from polycarbonate, O rings and seals from Viton and tubing in Teflon. We are using material that is standard for biological applications.
Using a glass chip has several advantages such as reusability, reducing risk for non-specific binding of “sticky compounds” and non-absorption of highly hydrophobic compounds.
Yes, The Dynaflow® Resolve chip is reusable meaning that the chip is emptied and washed properly after every use.
The Dynaflow® Resolve chip needs to be washed after every use to remove any traces of components such as cell debris, particles, potential salt crystals, all of which can contaminate or block channels.
Overtime, regular cleanings are not sufficient to remove all traces of components within the chip and an annual refurbishment is necessary to maintain the chip.
This is not a problem when the cell is in the collimated flow zones, where only the substance that flows out of the channel is present. But, the cells present in the recording chamber will be affected by the compounds which flow out. If the flow has been running during a whole scan it is advisable to add new fresh cells. Additionally, the chamber should be rinsed thoroughly before applying new cells.
Dynaflow applications
Concentration response curves, (EC50, IC50), receptor kinetics, receptor activation, thermodynamics of ligand binding.
Dynaflow® Resolve is used for target identification and validation, lead identification and optimization and preclinical assays.
Yes, it is possible to screen substances with or without re-sensitisation of receptor responses.
The number of substances one can screen per day with the Dynaflow® Resolve system depends very much on the character of experiments. As the chip is reusable, many assays can be performed per day.
Using the Dynaflow® Resolve technology you have unprecedented control of the following parameters:
– The composition of the solution surrounding the cell,
– The time the cell spends in the exposure zone.
By adding agonist free buffer in every other channel of the chip, an intermittent wash out between each agonist is established. The scan stage is easily programmed so that the time the cell spends in the rinsing buffer would be sufficient for reactivation of the ion channel receptors.
Both voltage and ligand gated ion channels, the system is very flexible.
Experimental control is an important issue. With the Dynaflow® resolve system, you always know the true molecular composition of the bioactive substances around the patch-clamped cell, as well as the exposure time and switching speed.
Dynaflow and cells
The cell should fit with in the diffusion zones of the collimated flow, and the size and shape of the cell determines the forces acting on the cell by the flow.
Apart from this, as long as a cell can be patch clamped and lifted, it can be employed together with the Dynaflow® Resolve system.
With the present system, the cells need to be dislodged from the surface if they are adherent. We recommend a few different methods for use such as; treatment with Ca2+ free buffers, trypsin or simple mechanical dissociation.
It is OK as long as the user feels comfortable with it. An internal control substance should always be used.
In our experiments, we have seen an effect of more stable seals and higher resistances when the cell is in the flow, due to the flow field pushing the cell against the tip, indicating that the seal becomes better using Dynaflow® Resolve System. Experiments have been performed for over 20 minutes.
Data suggests that the seal becomes stabilized by the flow which means increased stability in the measurements. However, viscous drag could become apparent at high acceleration of lateral movement.
This does not differ from conventional patch clamp and depends to a large extent on which ion channel systems are studied. Some ion channels are reconstituted in membrane without loss of function. Others need an “intracellular cocktail” in the buffer to function properly.